66 decisions shown
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit · Cornish-Adebiyi v. Caesars Entertainment, Inc.
Price-fixing claims against casino-hotels using shared AI pricing software are revived
The Third Circuit revived claims that Atlantic City casino-hotels fixed room prices through Cendyn’s Rainmaker software, which pooled their non-public data.
Delhi High Court (single judge) · ANI Media Pvt. Ltd. v. Open AI OpCo LLC
Delhi High Court refuses an interim injunction, finding training ChatGPT on news content to be fair dealing at a prima facie stage
The Delhi High Court held, prima facie, that storing ANI’s news for LLM training fell under section 52(1)(a) of the Copyright Act and refused an injunction.
Seoul Administrative Court · Kakao Pay v. Personal Information Protection Commission
Court upholds penalty on Kakao Pay for sending users' data to Alipay for risk scoring
Seoul Administrative Court treated Kakao Pay's transfer of some 40 million users' data to Alipay for NSF scoring as an unconsented third-party provision.
Patent Court of Korea · Company A (anonymised) invalidation action
Patent Court records in its judgment that counsel filed non-existent, AI-generated precedents
In an invalidation case the Patent Court stated that many precedents the plaintiff relied on did not exist and that filing them unverified was inappropriate.
Kızılcahamam Civil Court of First Instance · Yapay zekâ ile hazırlanan dilekçede hatalı Yargıtay künyeleri
Court refers lawyer to the bar and prosecutors over AI-generated incorrect Court of Cassation citations
When the cited Court of Cassation references could not be found on UYAP, the court reported the lawyer to the bar and prosecutors the same day.
Ankara Regional Court of Appeal, 20th Civil Chamber · Yapay zekâ ile ses klonlama (görev uyuşmazlığı)
AI voice-cloning claim belongs in the general civil court rather than the IP court
The chamber held that a claim over unauthorised AI use of a person's voice is a personality-rights and data-protection dispute, not a copyright one.
Turkish Competition Board · Meta Platforms, Inc., Meta Platforms Ireland Limited, WhatsApp LLC ve Meta Platforms İstanbul Bilişim Hizmetleri Ltd. Şti.
Meta ordered, as an interim measure, to open WhatsApp to rival AI chatbots
The Board opened an investigation into Meta over Meta AI in WhatsApp and ordered it to let rival generative AI assistants operate there.
Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC), jointly with the Quebec, British Columbia and Alberta privacy regulators · Joint investigation of OpenAI OpCo, LLC (ChatGPT)
Canadian privacy regulators find that ChatGPT’s early models were trained in breach of privacy law
Four Canadian regulators found that OpenAI over-collected data and lacked valid consent when training GPT-3.5 and GPT-4; their conclusions differ by statute.
Istanbul 14th Commercial Court of First Instance · Tanıma ve tenfiz (Amsterdam Mahkemesi kararı)
Commercial court discloses in its judgment that it used AI to verify and translate foreign case law
In an enforcement case the court recorded that it used AI only as a research and translation aid, under the Public Officials Ethics Board principles.
Personal Data Protection Board (KVKK) · Mesai Takibi Amacıyla Biyometrik Veri İşlenmesi Hakkında İlke Kararı
Fingerprint and facial recognition attendance systems held unlawful even with employee consent
By a principle decision the Board found biometric attendance tracking disproportionate and required cards, PINs or signatures instead.
Tribunale di Roma (Rome Civil Court) · OpenAI v Garante per la protezione dei dati personali (ChatGPT)
Italian DPA's EUR 15 million ChatGPT fine against OpenAI annulled for lack of competence
The Rome court annulled the Garante's fine, holding that competence passed to the Irish authority once OpenAI had a main establishment in Ireland.
Constitutional Court of Korea · Transfer of immigration face data for AI training (2021Hun-Ma1575 et al.)
Constitutional Court dismisses complaint over use of immigration face data to train AI
The Court unanimously dismissed as inadmissible a complaint over some 170 million immigration face images made available to firms to train AI.
Turkish Competition Board · Whaleco Technology Limited ve Whaleco Turkey Teknoloji AŞ (Temu)
Temu's system tying suggested prices to visibility boosts likened to a wide MFN, but no investigation opened given its small market share
The Board found Temu's algorithmic price suggestions and traffic incentives close to a wide MFN in effect, but harmless to competition given its small share.
UK Supreme Court · Emotional Perception AI Ltd v Comptroller-General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks
Supreme Court abandons the Aerotel test and holds an ANN-based invention is not excluded as a program 'as such'
Adopting the EPO's 'any hardware' approach, the Supreme Court overturned the refusal of an ANN-based application and sent it back for examination.
Administrative Review Tribunal (Guidance and Appeals Panel) · Bunnings Group Limited and Privacy Commissioner
Retail facial recognition fell within a “permitted general situation”, but notice breaches were upheld
The tribunal held that Bunnings could rely on a consent exception for its facial recognition system but upheld findings on notice and governance.
Hanseatic Higher Regional Court of Hamburg (OLG Hamburg) · Kneschke v LAION e.V.
Downloading photos to build an AI training dataset held covered by the text and data mining exceptions
OLG Hamburg held that LAION's copying of a photo to build a dataset was covered by §§ 44b and 60d UrhG; the case is now before the Federal Court of Justice.
Munich Regional Court I (Landgericht München I), 42nd Civil Chamber · GEMA v OpenAI
Memorisation of song lyrics in a language model held to be reproduction; OpenAI found liable
Munich Regional Court I held that memorising lyrics in ChatGPT's models and reproducing them in outputs infringed copyright; the TDM exception did not apply.
Supreme Court of Korea · Naver v. Korea Fair Trade Commission (video search)
Supreme Court overturns finding that Naver lured customers by deception when its video search algorithm boosted its own videos
The Supreme Court held that a platform may design its search algorithm on its own judgment and that a ranking boost is not deception in itself; case remanded.
High Court of England and Wales, Business and Property Courts (Intellectual Property List) · Getty Images (US) Inc & Ors v Stability AI Ltd
Stable Diffusion held not to be an 'infringing copy' because it does not contain the training works
The High Court rejected Getty's secondary copyright claim over Stable Diffusion and found only limited, historic trade mark infringement from watermarks.
Spanish Data Protection Agency (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, AEPD) · A.A.A. (anonymised): dissemination of AI-manipulated nude images
Sharing AI-generated fake nude images of real people led to a data protection fine
The AEPD held that a person who shared AI-manipulated nude images in a messaging group had processed personal data without a legal basis under the GDPR.
Supreme Court of Korea · Naver v. Korea Fair Trade Commission
Supreme Court sets aside ruling against Naver over search-algorithm self-preferencing
The Supreme Court set aside a judgment upholding a KRW 26.6 billion fine on Naver and required concrete proof of anticompetitive effect and intent.
Upper Tribunal (Administrative Appeals Chamber) · Information Commissioner v Clearview AI Inc (Privacy International intervening)
UK data protection law reaches a US facial recognition provider that scrapes images of people in the UK
The Upper Tribunal held that the ICO had jurisdiction over Clearview AI, reading “behavioural monitoring” broadly and rejecting a foreign-state exclusion.
Supreme Court of Korea · Supreme Court 2024Do17801 (anonymised)
Supreme Court sets the test for when deepfakes of a real minor count as child sexual exploitation material
The Supreme Court held that deepfakes using a real minor's face can fall under the “clearly recognisable representation” limb when they depict sexual acts.
Ankara 7th Criminal Judgeship of Peace · Grok (X / xAI) paylaşımları
Access blocked in Türkiye to 50 posts generated by the Grok chatbot
After prosecutors opened a probe into Grok's insulting replies, a criminal judgeship of peace blocked access to 50 of its posts.
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California · Bartz v. Anthropic PBC
Training on books held fair use, but building a library from pirated copies was not
The court held that training Claude on books was fair use but downloading pirated copies for a central library was not; the case then settled.
High Court of England and Wales, King's Bench Division (Divisional Court) · R (Ayinde) v London Borough of Haringey; Al-Haroun v Qatar National Bank QPSC and QNB Capital LLC
Lawyers who put fictitious, AI-generated authorities before the court referred to their regulators
The Divisional Court held that lawyers must verify AI-assisted research against authoritative sources, and referred those involved to their regulators.
Seoul High Court · Kakao Mobility v. Korea Fair Trade Commission
Seoul High Court annuls KFTC sanctions on Kakao Mobility over its taxi-dispatch algorithm
The Seoul High Court quashed a KRW 27.12 billion fine and orders over alleged favouring of Kakao T Blue taxis in AI-assisted dispatch; appeal pending.
U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida · Garcia v. Character Technologies, Inc.
Product liability claims against an AI chatbot company survive a First Amendment challenge
A Florida federal court declined, at the pleading stage, to treat Character.AI’s chatbot output as protected speech and let most claims proceed.
Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) · DeepSeek
DeepSeek told to delete Korean users' prompts sent abroad and to regularise its overseas transfers
The PIPC found DeepSeek had sent Korean users' data, prompts included, to firms in China and the US without notice, and told it to delete the prompts.
Turkish Competition Board · Amazon Turkey Perakende Hizmetleri Ltd. Şti. (otomatik fiyatlandırma mekanizması)
Trendyol and Hepsiburada change their automated repricing tools under commitments, while no infringement is found against Amazon
In a probe into sellers' repricing algorithms, two platforms gave commitments; Amazon was cleared, partly because its tool was rule-based.
Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali) · Luka Inc. (Replika)
EUR 5 million fine on Replika's developer for missing legal basis and inadequate age verification
The Garante fined Luka Inc., operator of the companion chatbot Replika, EUR 5 million for failings on legal basis, transparency and age verification.
U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit · Thaler v. Perlmutter
Copyright Act requires a human author; AI-only image refused registration
The D.C. Circuit held that the Copyright Act requires every eligible work to be authored in the first instance by a human being.
Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU), First Chamber · CK v Magistrat der Stadt Wien and Dun & Bradstreet Austria GmbH
People subject to automated credit assessments are entitled to an intelligible explanation
The CJEU held that controllers must explain intelligibly how personal data shaped an automated decision; trade secrets do not bar access outright.
Seoul Administrative Court · A v. Seoul Bar Association (Lawform automated document drafting)
Template-based automated legal document service held not to be unauthorised practice of law
The court found Lawform's template-based drafting lawful but said generative AI drafting from a user's account of the facts could be legal practice.
U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware · Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre GmbH v. ROSS Intelligence Inc.
Training a competing legal search tool on Westlaw headnotes held not to be fair use
A Delaware federal court rejected ROSS Intelligence’s fair-use defense for using Westlaw headnotes to train a competing AI legal research tool.
Intellectual Property High Court of Japan · DABUS (出願却下処分取消請求控訴事件)
AI-made inventions cannot be patented under Japan’s current Patent Act
Japan’s IP High Court held that the Patent Act grants patent rights only for inventions made by natural persons, so DABUS cannot be named inventor.
Turkish Competition Board · Google (reklam teknolojileri hizmetleri)
Google fined TRY 2.6 billion for favouring its AdX exchange through its publisher ad server
The Board fined Google TRY 2.6 billion for using its ad server's auction rules to favour AdX, and ordered terms for rival SSPs no worse than its own.
Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) · Meta Platforms, Inc.
Meta fined for using Korean users' sensitive data for targeted advertising without consent
The PIPC fined Meta about KRW 21.6 billion for using sensitive data, such as religious and political views, of some 980,000 users to target ads without consent.
Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) · Worldcoin Foundation and Tools for Humanity
Worldcoin Foundation and Tools for Humanity sanctioned over iris data collected in Korea
The PIPC imposed KRW 1.104 billion on the Worldcoin Foundation and Tools for Humanity for processing iris data without proper consent and sending it abroad.
Korea Fair Trade Commission (KFTC) · Coupang Corp. and CPLB Co., Ltd.
Coupang fined for manipulating its search ranking algorithm to push its own products and for using employee reviews
The KFTC fined Coupang KRW 162.8 billion for pinning its own products near the top of search results; Coupang's challenge is pending.
Constitutional Court of Colombia (Corte Constitucional), Second Review Chamber · Tutela action on behalf of a child against an EPS (judge’s use of ChatGPT)
Colombia’s Constitutional Court sets principles for judges’ use of ChatGPT
The Court found no due process breach where a judge consulted ChatGPT after reaching his decision, and set twelve principles for judicial use of AI.
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California · Mobley v. Workday, Inc.
AI screening vendor may be liable as an employer’s agent under anti-discrimination law
The court held that Workday, to which employers allegedly delegated applicant screening, could be liable as their agent under federal anti-discrimination law.
Brazilian National Data Protection Authority (ANPD), Board of Directors · Meta Platforms, Inc. (generative AI training)
Brazil’s data protection authority halts Meta’s use of personal data to train generative AI
Brazil’s ANPD ordered Meta to suspend the AI-training part of its new privacy policy and the related processing, on pain of a daily fine.
Beijing Internet Court · Yin v. Beijing technology company et al. (殷某某诉北京某智能科技公司等)
Voice actor’s rights in their voice extend to an AI-generated voice
The Beijing Internet Court held that protection of a person’s voice extends to an identifiable AI-generated voice and awarded RMB 250,000.
Superior Court of Washington for King County · State of Washington v. Puloka
AI-enhanced video excluded as evidence in a murder trial
A Washington trial court refused to admit a defense video enhanced with AI because the technique lacked general acceptance in forensic video analysis.
French Competition Authority (Autorité de la concurrence) · Alphabet Inc., Google LLC, Google Ireland Limited and Google France (compliance with related-rights commitments)
Training Bard on press content without telling publishers counted among Google’s breaches of its French commitments
France’s competition authority fined Google €250 million for breaching its related-rights commitments, including by not disclosing Bard’s use of press content.
U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) / U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania · FTC v. Rite Aid Corporation
Retailer banned from using facial recognition for five years
The FTC secured a five-year ban and extensive safeguards after Rite Aid’s facial recognition system wrongly flagged customers as shoplifters.
British Columbia Civil Resolution Tribunal · Moffatt v. Air Canada
Airline held liable for inaccurate information given by its chatbot
The tribunal held Air Canada liable for negligent misrepresentation after its website chatbot gave wrong information about bereavement fares.
Guangzhou Internet Court · Shanghai Xinchuanghua v. AI service provider (Ultraman) (上海新创华诉某人工智能公司)
Generative AI image service held liable for producing Ultraman lookalikes
The Guangzhou Internet Court held an AI image service liable for infringing reproduction and adaptation rights by generating Ultraman images.
UK Supreme Court · Thaler v Comptroller-General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks
The AI system DABUS cannot be an inventor under the Patents Act 1977
The UK Supreme Court unanimously held that an inventor must be a natural person and that owning the machine gives no right to a patent.
Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU), First Chamber · OQ v Land Hessen (SCHUFA Holding – Scoring)
A credit score that drives the lender's decision is itself an automated decision
The CJEU held that a SCHUFA score on which banks rely heavily when deciding on credit is an automated individual decision under Article 22 GDPR.
Beijing Internet Court · Li v. Liu (李某诉刘某)
User recognized as author of an image generated with AI
The Beijing Internet Court held that an image made with Stable Diffusion through the user’s prompts and parameters is a work authored by that user.
Municipal Court in Prague (Městský soud v Praze) · Plaintiff (anonymised) v. TAUBEL LEGAL, advokátní kancelář s.r.o.
Claim to authorship of an AI-generated image made from a prompt dismissed in Prague
The Prague court dismissed a claim over an AI-generated image, holding that only a natural person can be an author and treating the prompt as a mere idea.
Advertisement Board (Ministry of Trade) · ChatGPT tarafından oluşturulan üstünlük iddialı tanıtımlar
Ads carrying superiority claims generated by ChatGPT suspended
The Advertisement Board suspended ads in three cases that used unsubstantiated superiority claims generated by ChatGPT.
Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) · OpenAI OpCo, LLC (ChatGPT)
OpenAI fined for failing to report a ChatGPT data leak affecting Korean users on time
The PIPC fined OpenAI KRW 3.6 million for not reporting within 24 hours a ChatGPT Plus leak that exposed data of 687 Korean users.
Turkish Competition Board · DSM Grup Danışmanlık İletişim ve Satış Ticaret AŞ (Trendyol)
Trendyol fined for adjusting its marketplace algorithm to favour its own private-label products
The Board fined Trendyol TRY 61.3 million for algorithm interventions and use of seller data, and imposed algorithm-related obligations.
European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), Third Section · Glukhin v. Russia
Using facial recognition to identify and arrest a peaceful solo protester breached Articles 8 and 10
The ECtHR found that identifying and arresting a solo protester in the Moscow underground with facial recognition breached Articles 8 and 10 ECHR.
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York · Mata v. Avianca, Inc.
Lawyers sanctioned for filing fake case citations generated by ChatGPT
A New York federal judge fined two lawyers and their firm $5,000 for submitting non-existent, ChatGPT-generated opinions and standing by them.
Amsterdam Court of Appeal (Gerechtshof Amsterdam) · Uber drivers v Uber B.V. (robo-firing)
Uber must explain the logic behind the automated deactivation of drivers’ accounts
The Amsterdam Court of Appeal held three drivers’ deactivations to be solely automated and ordered Uber to explain their logic under Article 15(1)(h) GDPR.
Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (Bundesverfassungsgericht), First Senate · Automated data analysis (Hesse hessenDATA and Hamburg)
Police use of automated data analysis software requires strict statutory thresholds
Germany’s Federal Constitutional Court struck down Hesse and Hamburg rules letting police analyse stored data automatically without adequate thresholds.
Personal Data Protection Board (KVKK) · Yüz tanıma sistemiyle işe giriş-çıkış kontrolü
Factory fined TRY 500,000 for using facial recognition to clock staff in and out
The Board held the employees' blanket consent invalid, found facial recognition disproportionate and ordered the biometric data destroyed.
Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) · Scatter Lab (Iruda chatbot)
Chatbot developer sanctioned for building its model on users' private messages
The PIPC found eight breaches in Scatter Lab's use of some 600,000 users' KakaoTalk chats to build the Iruda chatbot and imposed KRW 103.3 million.
Turkish Competition Board · Google (yerel arama ve konaklama fiyatı karşılaştırma hizmetleri)
Google fined for favouring its own local search and hotel price comparison services in general search results
The Board fined Google TRY 296 million for shutting rival local search sites out of its Local Unit, and fined it again in 2024 for late compliance.
Tribunal of Bologna, Labour Section (Tribunale di Bologna, Sezione Lavoro) · Filcams CGIL Bologna, Nidil CGIL Bologna, Filt CGIL Bologna v Deliveroo Italia S.r.l.
Deliveroo's rider booking and ranking system held to discriminate indirectly against riders who went on strike
The Bologna court held that Deliveroo's booking system, blind to the reasons for absence, put riders who joined strikes at a disadvantage.
Turkish Competition Board · Google (çevrim içi alışveriş karşılaştırma hizmetleri)
Google fined for using its Shopping Unit to disadvantage rival comparison shopping sites in general search results
The Board fined Google TRY 98.35 million over its Shopping Unit but found no proof that its algorithms pushed rival sites down in organic results.
District Court of The Hague (Rechtbank Den Haag) · NJCM et al. v State of the Netherlands (SyRI)
SyRI risk-profiling legislation for welfare and tax fraud held incompatible with Article 8 ECHR
The Hague District Court declared the SyRI fraud-detection legislation non-binding because the system was insufficiently transparent and verifiable.
No decision matches these filters.
Same question, different answers
How courts and authorities in different jurisdictions answered the same legal question, drawn from the decisions in this database.
Is an AI-generated image protected by copyright?
The user's choice of prompts and parameters counted as original input.
Li v. Liu (李某诉刘某)United States · 2025NoA work must be authored in the first instance by a human; the application named the AI as sole author.
Thaler v. PerlmutterCzechia · 2023No (obiter)The court said only a natural person can be an author and a prompt is merely an idea; the claim itself failed on another ground.
Plaintiff (anonymised) v. TAUBEL LEGAL, advokátní kancelář s.r.o.Can an AI system be named as an inventor?
May AI be trained on copyright works?
Building the dataset fell within the text and data mining exceptions.
Kneschke v LAION e.V.United States · 2025In partTraining was fair use; building a library from pirated copies was not.
Bartz v. Anthropic PBCGermany · 2025NoMemorising lyrics in the model was reproduction, outside the exception.
GEMA v OpenAIUnited States · 2025NoUsing headnotes to build a competing product was not fair use (non-generative AI).
Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre GmbH v. ROSS Intelligence Inc.India · 2026Yes, at interim stageStoring news content to train the model was held prima facie to be fair dealing; an appeal is pending.
ANI Media Pvt. Ltd. v. Open AI OpCo LLCIs a company answerable for what its chatbot says?
The bot is part of the company's website; damages were awarded for the wrong information.
Moffatt v. Air CanadaUnited States · 2025Claims proceededAt that stage the court did not treat model output as speech; product claims went ahead and the case later settled.
Garcia v. Character Technologies, Inc.What follows from filing case law that AI made up?
The lawyers and their firm were sanctioned with a $5,000 penalty.
Mata v. Avianca, Inc.United Kingdom · 2025Referred to regulatorsThe lawyers were referred to their regulators; the court stressed the duty to verify.
R (Ayinde) v London Borough of Haringey; Al-Haroun v Qatar National Bank QPSC and QNB Capital LLCTürkiye · 2026Bar and prosecutor notifiedThe court wrote the same day; the disciplinary and criminal outcome is not yet known.
Yapay zekâ ile hazırlanan dilekçede hatalı Yargıtay künyeleriSouth Korea · 2026Noted in the reasonsThe court stated in its judgment that unverified precedents relied on did not exist.
Company A (anonymised) invalidation action